2016年第二篇《美国濒危鸟类的保护方案》-许燕英语抓周物品清单
2016年 Passage 2: 美国濒危鸟类保护方案
题26
The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chickens as threatened is ______________.
题27
The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it ______________.
题28
It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they ______________.
题29
According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is ______________.
题30
Jay Lininger would most likely support ______________.
话题
可能主旨
可能态度
段一：
biologist
生物学家
estimate
n. v. 估计
lesser prairie chicken
榛鸡
occupy
占（百分之…）
species
物种
historic range
历史范围
句1
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens — a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands---once lent red to the often-grey landscape of the mid-western and southwestern United States.
生物学家估计美国中西部和西南部的广袤草原上曾生活着多达200万只的小草原榛鸡湛清作品集。这些红色鸡为灰蒙蒙的草原风貌增添了几分红艳。
句2
But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.
但如今榛鸡的现存数量只有约22000只，它们的栖息地范围仅为过去的16%那么大。
段二：
crash= population decline
数量减少
list…as threated
把…列为
designate…as endangered
把…列为
be in a desperate situation
处于绝望的状态
environmentalist
环境保护主义者
be disappointed
失望的
push sb to…
把sb推向
agency
机构；局
status
地位
federal official
联邦官员
regulate
v. 规范, 控制
regulatory
管理的
regulatory power
管理的权力
crack down on threat
减少威胁
argue that…
认为
tag
标签
flexible
灵活的
flexibility
n. 灵活， 弹性
try out
尝试
potentially
潜在的
confrontation
n. 对抗
confrontational
对抗的
conserve= preserve
保护
conserve
v．保护
conservation
n. 保护
call for
ｖ．呼吁
forge
ｖ．缔结
collaborate
v. 协作
collaboration
n.
state government
州政府
be uneasy with…
对…感到不舒服
federal action
联邦行动
habitat
栖息地
句1
The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened.
榛鸡数量的锐减是促使美国鱼类和野生动植物管理局决定正式将其列为“受威胁”物种的主要原因。
句2
“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.
USFWS的局长Daniel Ashe说：“榛鸡的处境十分令人堪忧。”
句3
Some environmentalists蔡宗菊 , however, were disappointed.
但是一些环境主义者却对此感到失望。
句4
They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered风往北吹歌词,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.
他们一致要求该局将这种鸟类列为“濒危”物种，列为濒危物种就能让联邦官员有更大的监管权来打击威胁该物种的行为。
句5
But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.
但是Ashe和其他同事称，榛鸡的“受威胁“物种这一标签让联邦政府能够灵活地尝试新的且对抗性可能较少的保护举措。
句6
In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action.
特别是，他们呼吁联邦政府和西部各州政府进行更紧密的合作，因为西部各州政府对联邦政府的举措感到不安。
句7
And with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.
同时联邦政府也要和土地私有业主进行紧密合作，这些业主控制着约95%的榛鸡栖息地。
题26
The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chickens as threatened is ______________.
A. its drastically decreased population B. the underestimate of the grassland acreage C. a desperate appeal from some biologists D. the insistence of private landowners
同义替换
选项 =原文的
题27
The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it ______________.
A. was a give-in to governmental pressure
B. would involve fewer agencies in action
C. granted less federal regulatory power
D. went against conservation policies
同义替换
选项 =原文的
段三：
prosecute
起诉
business
(文中含义) 企业 此处不作“商业”解释
intentional
故意的
unintentional
无意的
disturb
打扰
sign a plan
签订一个计划
restore
恢复
negotiate
协商
operation
(文中含义) 行动
fund
资金；基金
set aside…
留出…用于
set an interim goal
设定一个临时的目标
coalition
n． 联盟
monitor
v. 监督
句1
Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.
例如，根据这一计划，该局称它不会起诉那些非故意杀死、伤害和惊扰榛鸡的土地业主或企业，前提是他们已签署过一项覆盖全部栖息地的管理计划来修复榛鸡的栖息地。
句2
Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.
该计划由USFWS和西部各州协商制定，它要求因经营需要而损害栖息地的个人和企业向一个基金支付罚款李允浩，每有一亩栖息地遭破坏，该基金会就会购买两亩新的栖息地来替换。
句3
The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat.
该基金也会被用于补偿那些主动将栖息地划出不作经营的土地业主。
句4
USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.
USFWS也设定了一个临时的目标，那就是在未来十年，将榛鸡的数量恢复到平均每年67000只的水平。
句5
And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress.
并且该局将监管目标实施进程的工作交予了西部鱼类及野生动物保护局协会(WAFWA)李庆雄 ，该协会是各州鱼类及野生动物管理局的联合体。
句6
Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,” Ashe said.
总而言之，该计划的目的就是依旧让“各州”负责管理榛鸡。
题28
It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they ______________.
A. agree to pay a sum for compensation
B. volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
C. offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job
D. promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
同义替换
选项 =原文的
题29
According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is ______________.
A. the federal government
B. the wildlife agencies
C. the landowners
D. the states
同义替换
选项 =原文的
段四：
buy
（文中含义）相信
win-win rhetoric
双赢的空话
What is required is immediate action, not rhetoric...
需要的是立刻采取行动，而不是说些华而不实的空话。
block the plan
阻止这个计划
extinction
n．灭绝
become extinct
灭绝
句1
Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric.
但对于这个吹嘘双赢的计划，并不是所有人都买帐。
句2
Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups尹先炳 , four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court.
一些国会议员正试图阻止该计划，此外至少有12家行业集团、4个州和3个环保团体将向联邦法院诉讼来撤销这项计划。
句3
Not surprisingly, industry group and states generally argue it goes too far, while environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough.
行业团体和州认为该计划做得过了头，而环保组织则认为该计划做得还不够，崔宇革这一点根本不奇怪。
句4
“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.
生物学家Jay Lininger评价道：“联邦政府正在把管理榛鸡的责任交给那些正把它推向灭绝的行业。”
题30
Jay Lininger would most likely support ______________.
A. industry groups
B. the win-win rhetoric
C. environmental groups
D. the plan under challenge
同义替换
选项 =原文的
选项中的词汇
题26
underestimate
低估
a desperate appeal
一个绝望的请求
insist
v. 坚持
insistence
n．坚持
题27
give-in
屈服
grant
v. 赋予
2016年 Passage 2: 美国濒危鸟类保护方案
题26
The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chickens as threatened is ______________.
题27
The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it ______________.
题28
It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they ______________.
题29
According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is ______________.
题30
Jay Lininger would most likely support ______________.
话题
可能主旨
可能态度
段一：
biologist
生物学家
estimate
n. v. 估计
lesser prairie chicken
榛鸡
occupy
占（百分之…）
species
物种
historic range
历史范围
句1
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens — a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands---once lent red to the often-grey landscape of the mid-western and southwestern United States.
生物学家估计美国中西部和西南部的广袤草原上曾生活着多达200万只的小草原榛鸡湛清作品集。这些红色鸡为灰蒙蒙的草原风貌增添了几分红艳。
句2
But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.
但如今榛鸡的现存数量只有约22000只，它们的栖息地范围仅为过去的16%那么大。
段二：
crash= population decline
数量减少
list…as threated
把…列为
designate…as endangered
把…列为
be in a desperate situation
处于绝望的状态
environmentalist
环境保护主义者
be disappointed
失望的
push sb to…
把sb推向
agency
机构；局
status
地位
federal official
联邦官员
regulate
v. 规范, 控制
regulatory
管理的
regulatory power
管理的权力
crack down on threat
减少威胁
argue that…
认为
tag
标签
flexible
灵活的
flexibility
n. 灵活， 弹性
try out
尝试
potentially
潜在的
confrontation
n. 对抗
confrontational
对抗的
conserve= preserve
保护
conserve
v．保护
conservation
n. 保护
call for
ｖ．呼吁
forge
ｖ．缔结
collaborate
v. 协作
collaboration
n.
state government
州政府
be uneasy with…
对…感到不舒服
federal action
联邦行动
habitat
栖息地
句1
The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened.
榛鸡数量的锐减是促使美国鱼类和野生动植物管理局决定正式将其列为“受威胁”物种的主要原因。
句2
“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.
USFWS的局长Daniel Ashe说：“榛鸡的处境十分令人堪忧。”
句3
Some environmentalists蔡宗菊 , however, were disappointed.
但是一些环境主义者却对此感到失望。
句4
They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered风往北吹歌词,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.
他们一致要求该局将这种鸟类列为“濒危”物种，列为濒危物种就能让联邦官员有更大的监管权来打击威胁该物种的行为。
句5
But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.
但是Ashe和其他同事称，榛鸡的“受威胁“物种这一标签让联邦政府能够灵活地尝试新的且对抗性可能较少的保护举措。
句6
In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action.
特别是，他们呼吁联邦政府和西部各州政府进行更紧密的合作，因为西部各州政府对联邦政府的举措感到不安。
句7
And with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.
同时联邦政府也要和土地私有业主进行紧密合作，这些业主控制着约95%的榛鸡栖息地。
题26
The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chickens as threatened is ______________.
A. its drastically decreased population B. the underestimate of the grassland acreage C. a desperate appeal from some biologists D. the insistence of private landowners
同义替换
选项 =原文的
题27
The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it ______________.
A. was a give-in to governmental pressure
B. would involve fewer agencies in action
C. granted less federal regulatory power
D. went against conservation policies
同义替换
选项 =原文的
段三：
prosecute
起诉
business
(文中含义) 企业 此处不作“商业”解释
intentional
故意的
unintentional
无意的
disturb
打扰
sign a plan
签订一个计划
restore
恢复
negotiate
协商
operation
(文中含义) 行动
fund
资金；基金
set aside…
留出…用于
set an interim goal
设定一个临时的目标
coalition
n． 联盟
monitor
v. 监督
句1
Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.
例如，根据这一计划，该局称它不会起诉那些非故意杀死、伤害和惊扰榛鸡的土地业主或企业，前提是他们已签署过一项覆盖全部栖息地的管理计划来修复榛鸡的栖息地。
句2
Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.
该计划由USFWS和西部各州协商制定，它要求因经营需要而损害栖息地的个人和企业向一个基金支付罚款李允浩，每有一亩栖息地遭破坏，该基金会就会购买两亩新的栖息地来替换。
句3
The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat.
该基金也会被用于补偿那些主动将栖息地划出不作经营的土地业主。
句4
USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.
USFWS也设定了一个临时的目标，那就是在未来十年，将榛鸡的数量恢复到平均每年67000只的水平。
句5
And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress.
并且该局将监管目标实施进程的工作交予了西部鱼类及野生动物保护局协会(WAFWA)李庆雄 ，该协会是各州鱼类及野生动物管理局的联合体。
句6
Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,” Ashe said.
总而言之，该计划的目的就是依旧让“各州”负责管理榛鸡。
题28
It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they ______________.
A. agree to pay a sum for compensation
B. volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
C. offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job
D. promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
同义替换
选项 =原文的
题29
According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is ______________.
A. the federal government
B. the wildlife agencies
C. the landowners
D. the states
同义替换
选项 =原文的
段四：
buy
（文中含义）相信
win-win rhetoric
双赢的空话
What is required is immediate action, not rhetoric...
需要的是立刻采取行动，而不是说些华而不实的空话。
block the plan
阻止这个计划
extinction
n．灭绝
become extinct
灭绝
句1
Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric.
但对于这个吹嘘双赢的计划，并不是所有人都买帐。
句2
Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups尹先炳 , four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court.
一些国会议员正试图阻止该计划，此外至少有12家行业集团、4个州和3个环保团体将向联邦法院诉讼来撤销这项计划。
句3
Not surprisingly, industry group and states generally argue it goes too far, while environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough.
行业团体和州认为该计划做得过了头，而环保组织则认为该计划做得还不够，崔宇革这一点根本不奇怪。
句4
“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.
生物学家Jay Lininger评价道：“联邦政府正在把管理榛鸡的责任交给那些正把它推向灭绝的行业。”
题30
Jay Lininger would most likely support ______________.
A. industry groups
B. the win-win rhetoric
C. environmental groups
D. the plan under challenge
同义替换
选项 =原文的
选项中的词汇
题26
underestimate
低估
a desperate appeal
一个绝望的请求
insist
v. 坚持
insistence
n．坚持
题27
give-in
屈服
grant
v. 赋予